The Development of Maritime Culture in the Islamic Mataram Kingdom: Social, Ekonomic, and Political Dynamics During the Time of Sultan Agung (1613 – 1645 AD)
Keywords:
Agrarian Culture, Islamic Mataram, Sultan Agung, Maritime Culture, Religious Tradition
Abstract
This research examines the development of maritime culture in the Islamic Mataram Kingdom during Sultan Agung (1613-1645 AD), focusing on the interaction between agrarian and maritime cultures that shaped the Kingdom's identity. The Islamic Mataram Kingdom, located in the interior of Java, not only developed agrarian power but also made maritime expansion efforts as its power base. Through a historical approach using political and cultural analyses of primary sources, such as Babad Tanah Djawi, with the concepts of continuity and change as well as cultural acculturation as the basis for understanding the social dynamics that occurred, this research explores Sultan Agung's various policies, including the development of port infrastructure, the strengthening of the navy, and the development of religious traditions related to the sea. The results show that these policies expanded trade routes and strengthened the Kingdom's social and political legitimacy. By integrating local culture and Islamic elements, Sultan Agung created a synergy between agrarian and maritime power, significantly impacting Mataram society's economic and social stability. The findings are expected to provide new insights into the role of marine culture in Indonesian history, which is inclusive, cosmopolitan, multicultural, intercultural/mutual cooperation, and egalitarian, and its relevance in the context of marine culture development today.
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References
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Alifah. (2009). Jejak Kraton Sultan Agung (Rekonstruksi Awal Berdasarkan Data Arkeologis Dan Historis). Berkala Arkeologi 29 (2).
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Asyrafi, M. (2021). Perdagangan dan Pengelolaan Pelabuhan pada Masa Mataram Islam. In Moh. Masruhan (Ed.), Sejarah Kebudayaan Maritim Mataram, 1600-1755 (pp. 91–113). Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
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Barus, S., Sulistiyono, S. T., Rochwulaningsih, Y., & Susilowati, E. (2021). Web of Environment and Trading Networks Through the Circulation of Currencies in the 19th Century East Coast Sumatra. E3S Web of Conferences, 317. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131705006
Berg, C. (1974). Javanese Historiography. In Geschiedenis van Nederlandsch-Indié. Van de Vondel Amsterdam.
Burdah, I. (2016). Politik Internasional Mataram Islam. In Noorhaidi Hasan & Munirul Ikhwan (Ed.), Membaca Kebaikan Bersama Masa Mataram Islam: Sebuah Studi Tentang Diskursus Identitas Ideal Muslim Jawa. Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta dan Puslitbang Lektur Kementerian Agama RI Jakarta.
Burdah, I. (2017). The politics of Mataram Kingdom during the reign of Sultan Agung. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 11(1), 267–306. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2017.11.1.267-306
Delaney, A. E., ., & Frangoudes, K. (2024). Coastal and maritime cultural heritage: from the European Union to East Asia and Latin America. Maritime Studies, 23(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-024-00369-x
Evers, H. D. (2016). Nusantara: History of a Concept. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 89(1), 3–14.
Fajrie. (2017). Gaya Komunikasi Masyarakat Pesisir Wedung Jawa Tengah. Inject: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication, 2(1).
Firza, F., & Aisiah, A. (2019). Error of Proposal Writing by Students. 253(Aes 2018), 359–363.
Fitriyani, S. N. (2019). Sistem Kepercayaan (Belief) Masyarakat Pesisir Jepara Pada Tradisi Sedekah Laut. Intuisi: Jurnal Psikologi Ilmiah, 11(3).
Fragkopoulou, T. (2022). The Role of the Sea for the Southeastern Coast of Crete as Seen through the Archaeological Evidence, From the Early Minoan to the Roman Period. In E. Oddo & K. Chalikias (Ed.), South by Southeast: The History and Archaeology of Southeast Crete from Myrtos to Kato Zakros (pp. 133–138). Archaeopress. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2x8v676.16
Graaf, H. J. de. (1986). Puncak Kekuasaan Mataram: Politik Ekspansi Sultan Agung. Grafiti Press.
Graaf, H. J. de. (1987). Awal Kebangkitan Mataram Masa Panembahan Senapati. Grafiti Press.
Graaf, H. J. de, & Pigeaud, T. G. (1989). Kerajaan-Kerajaan Islam Di Jawa, Peralihan Dari Majapahit Ke Mataram. Pustaka Utama Grafiti.
Handayani, M., Malik, M. I., Yasin, V. F., & Maulana, M. H. Y. (2024). Kejayaan Kerajaan Mataram Islam dan Pengaruhnya untuk Nusantara pada Masa Pemerintahan Sultan Agung Tahun 1613-1645 M. INSANI: Jurnal Ilmu Agama Dan Pendidikan, 2(2), 121–138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.70424/insani.v2i2.121-138
Harlaftis, G. (2020). Maritime history: A new version of the old version and the true history of the sea. International Journal of Maritime History, 32(2), 383–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0843871420924243
Harun, M. Y. (1995). Kerajaan Islam Nusantara Abad XVI Dan XVII (Vol. 1). Kurnia Kalam Sejahtera.
Hasan, N., & Shaleh, A. Q. (2016). Antara Ortodoksi dan Heterodoksi: Sintesis Islam dan Kejawaan dalam Sejarah Mataram Islam. In N. H. & M. Ikhwan (Ed.), Membaca Kebaikan Bersama Masa Mataram Islam: Sebuah Studi Tentang Diskursus Identitas Ideal Muslim Jawa. Pascasarjana UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta & Puslitbang Lektur Kementerian Agama RI Jakarta.
Islam, P. M. (2023). Kawasan Cagar Budaya Kerta-Plered. Dinas Kebudayaan DIY.
Jalaludin, Z. G., & Ghofur, A. (2021). Analisis Wacana Strategi Dakwah Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Hanyokrokusumo. 7(1), 62–93.
Karima, E. M., Wulandari, F. T., Firza, F., & Abianza, E. (2024). Transversal competencies in augmented reality-based history learning. 10(2), 299–308.
Kartodirjo, S. (1987). Pengantar Sejarah Indonesia Baru: 1500-1900, dari Emporium ke Imperium Jilid I. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kartodirjo, S. (1993). Pendekatan Ilmu Sosial Dalam Metodologi Sejarah. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Kebudayaan, D. (2021). Sultan Agung. Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kebudayaan) Kota Yogyakarta.
Kepel, T., Warouw, M., Undap, N., Sumolang, S., Daulat, A., & Tondo, F. (2024). Maritime Culture of Bantik Ethnic Group From North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 13(2), 108–121. https://doi.org/10.21463/jmic.2024.13.2.07
Khanisa, D. (2022). ASEAN Maritime Security: The Global Maritime Fulcrum in the Indo-Pacific (Khanisa & F. Farhana (eds.)). BRIN Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2362-3
Kuntowijoyo. (2008). Penjelasan Sejarah (Historical Explanation). Tiara Wacana.
Lisailiyah, N. (2023). Perkembangan Kerajaan Mataram Setelah Islam Muncul di Indonesia. NIHAIYYAT: Journal of Islamic Interdisciplinary, 2(1), 63–74.
Lombard, D. (2005a). Nusa Jawa : Silang Budaya Kajian Sejarah Terpadu (V. 3 (ed.)). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Lombard, D. (2005b). Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya Jaringan Asia (Vol. 2). Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Lombard, D. (2005c). Nusa Jawa: Silang Budaya Kajian Sejarah Terpadu. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Maharsi. (2016). Sultan Agung Simbol Kejayaan Kasultanan Islam Jawa. Jrd.Bantulkab.Go.Id.
Malinowski, B. (1939). The Group and the Individual in Functional Analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 44(6).
Mangkunegaran, K. (n.d.). Pustaka Raja Purwa (MS. 113).
Margana, S., Athoilah, A., Dwicahyo, S., Pratiwi, Y. W., & Asyrafi, M. (2021). Sejarah Kebudayaan Maritim Mataram 1600 - 1755. Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan).
Margana, S., Athoillah, A., Dwicahyono, S., Pratiwi, Y. W., & Asyrafi, M. (2021). Sejarah Kebudayaan Maritim Mataram, 1600-1755. Dinas Kebudayaan D.I. Yogyakarta.
Meinsma, J. J. (1984). Babad Tanah Djawi (NA, VOC, 1). Martinus Nijhoff.
Mulyana, S. (2006). Negara Kertagama, Tafsir Sejarah. LKiS.
Munawar, Z. (2020). Pengelolaan Pajak di Kerajaan Mataram Islam Masa Sultan Agung, 1613-1645 M. Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam, 4(1), 10–23.
Nur, M., K, S. N., Mulyana, A., Dermawan, W., Sapriya, Supriyadi, A., & Jumadi. (2023). Maritime History and Culture in Indonesia: Implementation in Social Studies Learning. Encounters in Theory and History of Education, 24(III). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24908/encounters.v24i0.16705
Nur, M., Siti Nurbayani, K., Jumadi, J., Supriadi, A., Hasni, H., & Sultan, H. (2023). Maritime Cultural Heritage of Fishermen Communities in Kepulauan Sangkarrang Subdistrict, Makassar City, Indonesia. BIO Web of Conferences, 70. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20237005007
Nurmalasari, D. (2014). Perdagangan Maritim Di Kerajaan Banten 1660-1683. UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta.
Pigeaud, T. G. (1976). Islamic States in Java 1500-1700: A Summary of Indonesian History. Springer.
Ricklefs, M. C. (2007). Sejarah Indonesia Modern 1200-2004. Serambi.
Rosidi, M., Darmawan, A., & Rahmawati, K. (2013). Identifikasi Kawasan Cagar Budaya Situs Kerajaan Islam Mataram di Pleret, Bantul dengan Pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya, 7(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v7i2.116
Salim, A. (2021). Pengaruh Kesadaran Budaya Maritim Masyarakat Terhadap Semangat Bela Negara. Jurnal Maritim Indonesia, 9(3), 263–280.
Soelarto, B. (1980). Upacara Labuhan Kesultanan Yogyakarta. Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
Subekti, K. (2021). Dasyatnya Gelombang Islamisasi Era Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma. Islamtoday.Id.
Susilo, A., & Asmara, Y. (2020). Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma dan Eksistensi Kesultanan Mataram. Diakronika, 20(2), 114–127.
Triwahana, S. (2024). Penyerangan Sultan Agung terhadap VOC di Batavia Tahun 1628 dan 1629. Karmawibangga : Historical Studies Journal, 6(1), 29–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31316/fkip.vi.6686
Wijaya, S., & Kadarusman. (2019). Buku Besar Maritim Indonesia Seri Buku 4: Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Maritim. Amafrad Press.
Yusuf, M. (2006). Sejarah Peradaban Islam di Indonesia. Pinus.
Zhu, X., Mao, Z., Qu, J., & Zhang, Z. (2024). Historical logic and maritime cultural foundation of China's initiative of building a maritime community with a shared future. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(February), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1362399
